Plato's dualistic Theory of Forms was soon challenged by his greatest student, Aristotle. In his work Metaphysics, he outlined a totally different theory of reality (ontology) called TELEOLOGY. "Teleology" comes from the Greek word for Purpose (Telos). The concept of Telos as an Inner Form is Aristotle's answer to Plato's concept of the Higher Form (Eidos). Take down these notes: Aristotle bases this ontology on an epistemology (theory of knowledge) called Empiricism, which says knowledge comes through observation - in other words, seeing is believing. For Aristotle, "Truth resides in the world around us," not in another world. His ethical theory stems from this: This means that everything in Nature has its own specific nature, defined by a unique function. For something to achieve Goodness, it doesn't have to achieve knowledge of higher forms; instead, it has to achieve excellence at its specific function. "Perfect Forms" are not in another world; they are innate possibilities for what a thing can be if it levels up its true nature to the greatest extent. For human beings, this means we should try to perfect our unique nature by using our human talents to contribute to human society in a way that lets us thrive. That way, we fulfill our potential and find true satisfaction - the satisfaction of having achieved success and thus become a Perfect Form.
We've now seen 4 distinct ethical perspectives, two each in Greece and Asia: -BUDDHIST: There is no higher purpose, satisfaction is impossible in this life, so we must overcome suffering by letting go of ignorant worldly desires. -TAOIST: There is a higher purpose, satisfaction is possible in this life, but only if we perfect ourselves by fully embracing the flow of nature in this world (Tao) -PLATONIST: This is a higher purpose, but satisfaction is impossible in this life, so we must seek it by letting go of this world and using Reason to reach the Eternal. -ARISTOTELIAN: There is no higher purpose, satisfaction is possible in this world, but only if we embrace and perfect our human nature through rational worldly actions. Which perspective do you think is the "best" for human beings, and why? This requires you to explain your own axiology - your theory of what is good, which is the basis of any ethical or moral code. Compose a paragraph below, and remember you can converse with others for extra credit!
40 Comments
Parizaad Mohammadi
9/25/2016 04:48:14 pm
I personally think Buddhism is the best for human beings. By focusing you whole life on getting to the next life or becoming perfect, you run the risk of becoming miserable with your life today. If we just take the time to enjoy every momment of life to the best of our abilities, I think we would go through life much happier, healthier, and less stressed about the future.
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Gabriella Lopez
9/25/2016 05:24:29 pm
In my opinion, I believe that Taoism is the best for humans. We should believe that there is a higher purpose and strive to meet some form of satisfaction. Within this, we also must work in compliance with nature and the world around us. I believe that by understanding our surroundings, we will be able to understand ourselves better and hopefully achieve satisfaction. By working against nature, one creates a negative environment, toxic to attaining satisfaction. My perception of axiology is a success personal to the person attaining it, although not harmful to the world around him/her. Success and satisfaction may only be acceptable if they do not limit the satisfaction of other around them. If one fails to respect another's success, the environment is no longer positive which will ultimately damage their surroundings (i.e. nature). Hence, I agree most with Taoism; there is a high purpose and satisfaction is possible in this life, but only if we perfect ourselves by fully embracing the flow of nature in this world.
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Paige Whittle
9/26/2016 07:32:02 am
Although everyone may have their own different ideas about which ethical perspective is "best" for human beings, I believe that Taoism is the best for humans to live by. I most agree with this perspective because I am comforted in knowing that there is a higher purpose that we should constantly be striving towards; however, we can satisfy ourselves in the life we have. My biggest issue with Buddhism and Platonism is that they believe that one cannot be satisfied with their life in this world. Personally, I think this is a negative way to look at life, because a person may give up trying to be happy because they think there is no way to truly be happy in this life. I believe humans should live to the fullest in the present in order to have a happy life, but they should also be motivated by the idea of a higher purpose. Because of this, I believe Taoism is the best perspective for humans to live by.
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Marissa Seely
9/26/2016 09:37:43 am
Personally, I believe that the best perspective for humans is Taoism. It suggests that everything is a cycle, and though some things are set in stone, the choices we make throughout our journey are not. I feel like it's very comforting to accept that there is a source that holds all possibilities and potential, and we have a say in what paths we will take. Laozi's outlook on life is a lot more pessimistic than the others, particularly Buddhism. Taoism suggests thay we needn't stress about striving towards some sort of perfection, but that happiness is in reach as long as we accept the flow of nature, because nature is the greatest force of all. If we can live in harmony with nature and accept that some things are inevitable but our choices are endless, we can be good people and achieve happiness. I really admire the open-mindedness that comes with Taoism. As Mr. Biggs said a few classes ago, "We are part of the river of the universe, but we have some say in the current."
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Corey Van Huff
9/26/2016 09:38:12 am
If there is one perspective that is best for people it is Taoism. If you learn to actually go with the flow of things, life becomes more enjoyable. The other 3 perspectives either believe there is no higher purpose or no satisfaction in this life. I personally think that ridiculous because if there is no higher purpose then why be put on the earth? If there is no satisfaction then why even do anything? The Platonist stand point gives you an unachievable goal which can bring people down. Taoism is the only perspective which gives the human spirit hope, which is necessary for survival.
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Olivia Smelas
9/26/2016 10:26:33 am
The Taoist form of thinking most definitely resonates with me the most. I'd like to think a higher purpose does exist, but the sole purpose of our lives is not to emulate it through and through. Satisfaction has to exist. If it doesn't, for me there is no point to the daily grind if eventual satisfaction cannot be achieved. Humans are not so perfect that the only purpose of their being is to imitate perfection itself. It is impossible within the limits of human nature to do so. I love the Taoist form of thinking because satisfaction requires the full embrace of the flow of nature in this world. For me, this not only means respecting, and caring for the environment we were blessed with, but also embracing the flow of HUMAN nature. This is something I think very few humans have mastered. I think full embrace of human nature is the acceptance that everyone is different. Not everyone is going to agree. Some people are going to be full of themselves. Others so humble it's hard to believe they are human. Some are going to be tall, some short. Some smart, some not. Full acceptance is the embrace of all humans and their differences. The ability to live in harmony despite those differences. Now, we are far from that, but that I believe is the embrace of the flow of nature, acceptance of humans for who and what they are, and nature itself. The Taoist form of thinking absolutely offers the fullest life, as satisfaction is achievable through methods which bring us happiness and inner peace. An accepting higher form can always be looked up to and trusted for guidance through Taoism as well.
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Kelly Farley
9/26/2016 10:41:03 am
I completely agree with what you are saying. I feel like this is what I was trying to say in my paragraph but this was more clear and. I too believe that satisfaction has to exist because in the end of the day, I would like to be satisfied with myself and everything else. I also agree that emracing the flow of human nature is a difficult concept for many to grasp even though some may feel they have. I know that as much as I would like to say that I embrace change, sometimes it is difficult to have a clear mind when unexpected change happens. Anyways, I love this perspective and agree taoism offers the fullest life.
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Izzy Halloran
9/26/2016 03:21:14 pm
Some great points were made, but I have to wonder-- does satisfaction have to exist? How do we know what satisfaction even is? It could mean one thing to you, and a completely different thing to me. I would argue that as soon as we let go of trying so hard to live a fulfilled life, we may eventually reach peace within ourselves, and maybe that is true satisfaction/contentment.
Kelly Farley
9/26/2016 10:27:43 am
I believe that Taoism is the best perspective for human beings. Taoists believe that there is a higher purpose and that satisfaction is possible to reach in life but only if we fully embrace the change and flow of nature in our lives. My personal axiolgy for what is good is for a person to live an honest life to their fullest potential. This means that they do what they believe is moraly right (while abiding the laws), while going through life with a general goal in mind but also allowing that goal to be altered depending on your current situation or what is going on in your life. I believe it is unrealistic to have a complete vision of perfection which cannot be changed. In addition, I do agree with believing in a higher purpose because I am religious so I do believe in the dualistic view of the body and soul. In my opinion, everything happens for a reason. In my life if something negative happens blocking out my goal, then I will accept it as what is supposed to happen and there is a bigger explanation or purpose. Then I allow my view to change and either find a different way to my goals or I change my goals for what is more reasonable at that moment. I think that satisfaction is just a state of mind, you will be satisfied if you let yourself be. This being said, I do believe it is an achievable state because whatever you put in to being satisfied is what you are going to get out. I do not believe everyones satisfaction is guaranteed however, I believe you must "work" for it in some way or another or at least believe it is a possibility. Although my views might be slightly different than the exact definition of Taoism, I feel that it closely relates to my lifestyle and would be the best fit for society as a whole.
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Gabriella Lopez
9/26/2016 05:24:46 pm
I agree with what you are saying, except for your general view of axiology. If someone feels that what they're doing is good, even if it breaks the law, is it still good? In my opinion, I would say yes. If breaking a certain law to achieve satisfaction is needed, then so be it. However, I also believe that for one to achieve satisfaction, they must not destroy the satisfaction of others. If one can break the law, but not destroy others success, then I think it is okay. Also, what is one's satisfaction is done by lying, and not being honest. Would that mean they wouldn't have a good life and live to their highest potential? Just some questions to think about.
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Michael Deitz
9/26/2016 10:59:43 am
I personally want to believe in Taoism, I really do. At times I believe there is this higher power, this righteous being that is there to help us and make us the best people we can be. But for everyone, I think Aristotle is the best philosophy to follow. Every decision we make falls directly on our shoulders, and we should not only accept that but embrace it. Aristotle believes us to have the potential to be great- united. If everyone tries their hardest and does their best, that's where satisfaction comes from. Us. Not some higher power pulling the strings, there is nothing more fulfilling than knowing we did something. That we did all we could and won and made the world better for it. Aristotle makes it like a video game, that with everything we do we gain experience points and level up. I kinda would like to think that our morality is like an rpg character. and that we can level up and we can choose to be higher and not just focus on the ID and self serving desires. The purpose of life, is righteousness, it is happiness and while we can stand there and go with the flow, in Taoism, something Aristotle never goes against, in the end every step we take is our own. Whether we walk a mile or a block, it is us and us alone that do that. There may be some high power controlling other facets of life but the way, the Dao, that is not a yellow brick road to straight up happiness. It's a lot of work to be happy. Gotta grind up to face that boss.
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Bella Glidden
9/26/2016 11:32:34 am
I believe that Aristotle has the best perspective for human beings. I agree with Aristotle when he says there is no higher purpose. In my opinion there cannot be one perfect thing that everyone should try to reach because the idea of perfect is not the same for everyone. Some people may have higher standards of something they believe is perfect. Aristotle sees that there is no higher purpose and that satisfaction is possible but only is we embrace and perfect our human nature through rational worldly actions. I agree with that we can only achieve satisfaction through what makes us happy and what we feel is perfect.
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Will Weaver
9/26/2016 02:49:04 pm
Me personally i do not believe that you should pick out just one perspective and follow it. You need to find an equilibrium between all of them. There are some things i like about each philosophy but then again there are some things that i hate about each one. So i believe that everyone shouldnt have only one mindset and you shouldnt be scared to find that equilibrium. I also dont agree how each philosopher believes that there idea is the only idea and there not opened minded to anyone else. However if i had to pick just one i would pick taoist because i agree with more of there beliefs then the rest.
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Jennifer Spinelli
9/26/2016 02:52:06 pm
I personally agree with Aristotle's perspective. This is what I think is best for human beings. They need to face problems head on by themselves and stop believing that a higher power will fix it for them.
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Henry Ehlers
9/26/2016 04:40:39 pm
I agree dude. Totally.
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Izzy Halloran
9/26/2016 03:13:19 pm
Buddhism is the ideal perspective for humans because Buddha was correct in stating that suffering is universal; each person will feel pain and face hardship. There is not a set of rules that we can follow to lead a joyful life because life is unpredictable. Although it may be comforting to trust that there is a higher power, I simply do not believe that there is one. We should not go through our lives believing that there is another world in which perfection exists, because we will end up driving ourselves insane trying to reach it. If we remove desire, we can eliminate suffering and be at peace with ourselves. Buddhism aligns with my axiology because it is the most efficient and painless way to achieve inner peace and balance. Inner peace is different for each person, so if we limit suffering and set realistic goals, we will be disappointed less often, and ultimately, live a more fulfilled life.
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Henry Ehlers
9/26/2016 04:39:36 pm
To me, it's quite clear that Aristotle has the best philosophy for the human race. While this is partly because I like to break things down in terms of rationality, it's also because it is the only one that can lead to any real changes in our day to day lives. We can rule out taoism and platonism right away because of their belief in a higher purpose, and then buddhism comes out next because of its internal perspective. It's more mental, when what we need are physical changes to the world around us. Aristotle's philosophy covers that best in my opinion.
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Allie Talavera
9/26/2016 04:42:04 pm
Everyone has their own mindset in which they choose to believe in. I personally believe that Taoism is the best perspective for humans to follow. I agree with the idea that there is a higher purpose in life, it is just a matter if we are willing to embrace the imperfections in our life to enjoy what life has to offer. I like to think that everything happens for a reason and that is the point of this higher purpose, to guide of through life. However, in order for this to happen, we have to enjoy life and not let little things get in the way of happiness. Ultimately, the taoist perspective on the mind and soul is the best belief, in my opinion, for humans to follow because it guides us through life.
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Phoebe carr
9/26/2016 05:29:46 pm
I personally think that Aristotlism is the best way to perceive life, purely because I think the rationality that comes with the belief that there's no higher motivation for life gives a good perspective to the life that we have and can recognize. I think that constantly working towards something one knows anything about for sure can lead to people becoming obsessive and diluted, but then again, if everyone believed things the same things that I did life would be pretty boring. At the same time, Buddhism is a supremely negative and almost nihilistic way to look at life, and I genuinely think that the more positive view of Aristotlism leads to a much more fulfilling life.
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Emily Fitzgerald
9/26/2016 06:15:45 pm
In my opinion, I think that Taoism is the best philosophy for the human race to live by. I think that they others are bit extreme and don't focus enough on the now with positivity. Focusing on the present and looking outward with optimism will guarantee the happiest life, which is my goal. The other philosophies seem a bit too negative sometimes. However, I think that my philosophy I live by is a mix of all four philosophies. This is probably true for many others too, but if I had to choose one I would chose Taoism.
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Max Lowrey
9/26/2016 06:33:52 pm
Aristotilan rings the most logical for me. I don't know if there's a higher power, but if there is one, i wanna reach it being my best self. if there isnt, well..... at least i lived my life to its fullest!! I think we should strive to be our best selves every day.
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Jack McNally
9/26/2016 07:20:59 pm
I believe that the Aristotelian philosophy is best for several reasons. To start, it takes a realist approach. It deals with things that are around you rather than things that you can not perceive. In my opinion, humans are best off if we deal with what we know for fact. We should always strive to gain more information and to be more aware of the facts of the universe, but we should never make up facts. An example of a made up fact would be Plato’s theory of an eternal world where everything is perfect. This is a nice idea, but there just nothing concrete to back it up. Aristotle has the right idea in saying that humans are better off focusing on the real world, and the facts that we know, otherwise known as logos. This is an opinion shared by my favorite philosopher, Diogenes.
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Meghan Pawlak
9/26/2016 07:34:23 pm
I'm stuck between Taoism and Aristotlianism. Personally, I agree more with Taoism, however we have become so industrialized and man made that it has become impossible to tell what is nature. Although, like Jennifer Spinelli said before we shouldn't rely on some higher purpose or higher being to fix our problems. Nor should we obsess over finding our perfect forms. Overall, taoism is where it's at.
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Paige Davis
9/26/2016 07:35:11 pm
In my opinion I believe that Buddhism is the best for humans and our society. For example, Buddhism isn't telling you that there is such a thing as being perfect and that we need to strive for it because perfect is different in everybody's eyes so we could all be striving for our own type of perfect and never reach it. Also, Buddha basically says we have to accept the bad things in life and just keep living on. I totally agree because theres a lot of things you can't change and people begin to stress about it but if we learned to accept it and move on we could maybe be more at peace and enjoy our time on earth more.
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Max Portman
9/26/2016 07:37:07 pm
On a basic everyday level, Buddhism seems the most logical way to live life. Buddha claims that happiness from wisdom is not a constant thing but something that is worked at every day the same way a muscle is. As a teenager, this sounds like a good attitude to put forth in something as terrible as high school. However, Taoism feels right to me as a human being, in and out of high school and in my own life. Obviously when it comes to how one approaches their day, it is entirely subjective in what philosophy they choose to keep in mind, But when I wake up and start my day. It calms me to know that there is a flow in the day and the universe that is constant, and to tap into that flow is to live peacefully. That is to not get caught up in BS that happens everyday and to live within the natural flow of the day. This makes sense to me as I try my best not to deal with the drama of everyday that is almost perpetual.
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Tyhler Harty
9/26/2016 09:10:32 pm
I believe that the Aristotelian perspective is the best for human beings. The reason why I think this is best for humans is that it has people focus on the hear and now and not focused on some afterlife. Also it is better since it promotes more rational thought. That is why I believe Aristotelian perspective is better.
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Young Chne
9/26/2016 09:21:36 pm
I believe the Buddist perspective is the best for human beings. I believe that there is no higher purpose in life and that satisfaction is impossible. I believe that because what seem like satisfaction will slowly deteriorate into nothingness. An example would be getting an A on a test, but as you move into the class you notice hat satisfaction of understanding the course deteriorates because it gets harder and harder. This small times of understanding do cause satisfaction, but it will never be permanent. To let these little times of suffering go, we must accept them and continue on. Budda ways of accepting the bad as it is and not let the suffering get to you make sense.
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Giulia Dostie
9/27/2016 02:55:11 am
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Giulia Dostie
9/27/2016 03:02:14 am
In my opinion, my truth resonates somewhere between Buddhism and Taoism. I believe that there is a higher place that is greater than all of us and we go there after death. I feel that for most people they would agree with me, in fear of what death will bring if there is nothing to look forward to. Even though I do believe there is a higher power, I don't believe that this world after ours is perfect, and it shouldn't be. As long as this place brings you happiness and peace, it is perfect to you. Buddhism believes that suffering is something that is universal. All around the world people are suffering and the cause of people's suffering is theirs or others foolish desires. I think the Taoist way of thinking is serine for the human race because it believes that we are one with our world. I believe that having a connection with the Earth makes you respect it and appreciate all it does for the human race. But in order to feel happiness or appreciation, one must feel pain and sadness, and that is where Buddhism comes in. You can't truly know what one emotion is unless you have felt the opposite. So Buddhism and Taoism go hand and hand because Buddha makes sure greed and desires are something that can be overcome, and as a result of that, as the Taoists believe, you will appreciate your Earth and yourself more once you do that.
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Michelle Mazzucca
9/27/2016 03:24:20 am
Out of all of these different perspectives, i agree with Taoism the most. there is always a purpose to everything that we do as human beings. There is always a greater idea of satisfaction that can be reached and it is not impossible. it is only impossible if one believes that it is. It is only impossible if people give up and don't try to reach a higher level of satisfaction. The way to reach the higher level of satisfaction is to embrace the world around us. The part of Buddhism that I agree with is how humans have to overcome suffering and let it go. In some aspects this may be true, but suffering can also make us greater people. By suffering, you learn lessons, and it motivates another to do better.
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Will Spencer
9/27/2016 03:57:29 am
I personally think that the Taoist path is the most purposeful. Success is possible in life, easily, but you must work for it. You can easily be successful in this world, work hard, get a good job that you love, and get paid for it. That's success in my mind. Being happy is successful. Sometimes we focus too much in the little things in life, and we need to just let things happen with little altercation. There is a higher purpose in life, and there will always be. You can always be better, there's no limits to how good you can be. However, if you want to be the best at everything, you need to work hard and just not stress out. This was my interpretation of taoism, and I think it's a valuable life purpose to follow.
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emily clarke
9/27/2016 04:00:30 am
I believe the Taoist perspective works best for human beings because as we mentioned in class, it is comforting to believe there is a higher purpose. While I'd like to believe that there is a higher purpose, I also think it's incredibly irrational to go about your life following a set of rules and regulations that are supposedly going to get you into a heavenly realm. I also think we should always be trying to be the best version of ourselves, which is what the Taoist perspective offers.
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Emma Vollmuth
9/27/2016 04:11:29 am
Taoism is the best way to live for human beings. He believes that the world is basically like a flow of water. Unlike the others, his perspective is somewhat postive. When I listen to his philosophy I always feel like I have a very positive outlook of life. With all of the other philosophies there is either a higher purpose or a higher power, but with Taoism, there is both.
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Dahlia Mozino
9/27/2016 05:12:08 pm
I think a healthy mix between Aristotelian thought and Taoism would be the best for us humble beings. The Aristotelian ideas are good because it lets people know that peace can be attained in the world we live in right now, while Taoism allows people to get in touch with the universe and know there is a higher power. Using both belief systems allows the population to attain good vibes in this world and the next.
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Kaitlyn Viola
9/28/2016 05:06:49 pm
I believe in both Taoism and Aristotelianism because although I do believe there is a higher purpose, I don't believe we should rely on any "higher power" to make positive changes in our life. As people, we should be the change we want to see in the world. Believing in forms of higher purposes or pre-destinies can often hinder a person's sense of morality and values. We have the ability to bring forth any change we wish to see. We are able to satisfy ourselves through moral power, kindness, and improving the nature of the world.
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Edith Torres
10/3/2016 09:36:43 am
For me, there is no choosing of one of these ways. i accept them all only in pieces for each. I am much like Plato i learned, in that i believe anything is possible. This leads me to strive for a goal and head after it with no ending to how far i want to end up. I may agree with Plato on the idea of something is somehow better, except i know that the fun of life is not worrying about perfection. This is the part of me that is both tao-like and aristotle-like. Whenever something bad happens to me i do two things first, assess how big the problem is and then i move into improvising and seeing what i can do with it. If i lose a race i can race again and see what happens then and whether something i have changed (due to my loss) is helping me finish better than before. My mind then goes into a state of optimism. I would mention Epicurean ideas, but hes not who were talking about. My happiness usually stems from the Buddhist parts of me. When i say i can not hold a grudge for my life, i mean it. Never have i ever held a grudge. I let things go simply cause i know they should not affect me later on in my life. i use my sad, mad, and frustrated emotions to figure something out and i then move on when i have figured out what the benefits are of these emotions. Some thoughts, or memories, take longer to become peaceful. Others i stop crying about after i realize what actually happened was just a case of spilled milk. I also tend to cling to the bare minimums in my life. This goes with foods i eat and clothes i wear. If what i use does not help me get the job done, i wont use it. This makes me just like Buddha and Aristotle, based on accepting and change. While i am also in tune with the Tao and Plato, there are greater ideas out there and you just need to improvise if you do not find them.:)
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Ryan munzlinger
10/3/2016 10:14:37 am
I think that the best way to live out our lives is to go by Aristotelian philosophy. I think that religion causes a lot of different problems. Some people may think that their religion is higher or above someone else's religion creating discrimination. I think that religion makes a person's soul purpose is to perfect themselves and not sin against whatever their beliefs are. But if we all thought that there was no higher purpose. Just the amount of time we have left on this world. I think people would come together to help each other out as a community. Trying to create better things for the next generation that will take our place. I feel like if we all came together to help out everyone and not just ourselves there would be more compassion less barriers in society like racial discrimination, hate crimes, less crimes in general. So I think Aristotelian would be the best way to live out our lives
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Kyle Eber
10/6/2016 04:22:03 am
I agree with Aristotle in the sense that it's good to see what's in front of us, analyze the situation and then do an action that can then grow our character- positively. As I personally don't believe in any religion, removing that influence from your life can remove a lot of hindrances. (And people do use religion to become a better person but they become so obssessed in following what their religion says, they get caught up in it.) But Taoism can also be very healthy view too, where if you're satisified, that's successful if you view it that way- like I do. A healthy mix of dreams and rationality (Aristotlism and Taoism) is the best way to live your life because you're able to dream and strive but not be swept away.
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Holly Braverman
10/10/2016 05:30:04 pm
When comparing the philosophies of The Buddha, Lao Tzu, Plato, and Aristotle, I believe that the perspective that is “best” for human beings is that of Aristotle. Unlike the other philosophies, Aristotle’s states that perfection is possible in this life through LOGICAL means. His philosophy does not imply that everything IS perfect, but rather, that each able-bodied thing has the POTENTIAL to reach perfection. His philosophy encourages hard work in the hopes of improvement, which is an essential part of reaching any state of improvement whatsoever. Furthermore, the Aristotelian stress on rationality brings people to the “real world”; allowing people to make sound, logical decisions. Personally, I feel as though I align myself with Aristotelian philosophy more than Buddhism, Taoism, and Platonism, due to my self-classification as me being a “realist”.
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tara erving
11/8/2016 06:41:49 am
i think buddhism is the best philosophy for human beings. People become so consumed with trying to get things the can't have and its just one after the other, but the truth is that desire will never be satisfied. No matter what we have in this life we always want more and that takes away from the important issues in this world. To make things better, man needs to accept that that satisfaction is impossible in this world. From there they need to let go of all of these selfish desires for things they can't have so they can open up to the real issues and problems in this world so they can fix them.
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